| Acmite (AEGERINE) | NaFeSi2O6 |  | 6 - 6.5 | Green to brown |
 | Actinolite | Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 |  | 5 - 6 | Green, green black, gray green, black |
| Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |  | 3.5 | Yellow, green, violet, pink, yellowish green |
| Åkermanite-Gehlenite Group | Ca2MgSi2O7 - Ca2AI2SiO7 |  | 5 | White, gray, yellow and brownish-red or gray-green through alteration. |
| Albite | NaAISi3O8 | | 6 - 6.5 | White, gray, greenish gray, bluish green |
| Allanite | (Ce,Ca,Y)2(AI,Fe)3(SiO4)3(OH) | | 5.5 - 6 | Brownish- or pitch-black |
| Almandine | Fe3AI2(SiO4)3 | | 6.5 - 7.5 | Brown, brownish red, red, black, black red |
| Alunite | KAI3(SO4)2(OH)6 | | 3.5 - 4 | White, gray, yellowish gray, reddish gray, yellowish white |
| Amber | | | | Orange to dark brown, occasionally green, violet or black |
| Amblygonite | (Li,Na)AI(PO4)(F,OH) | | 5.5 - 6 | White, yellow, gray, bluish gray, greenish gray |
| Analcime | NaAISi2O6.2H2O | | 5 - 5.5 | White, grayish white, greenish white, yellowish white, reddish white |
| Anatase | β-TiO2 | | 5.5 - 6 | Black, reddish brown, yellowish brown, dark blue, gray |
| Andalusite | AI2SiO5 | | 7.5 | Dark green, gray, brown, red, green |
| Andradite | Ca3Fe2+3(SiO4)3 | | 6.5 - 7.5 | Black, yellowish brown, red, greenish yellow, gray |
| Anglesite | PbSO4 | | 2.75 - 3 | Blue, colorless, green, gray, yellow |
| Anhydrite | CaSO4 | | 3 - 3.5 | Colorless, white, bluish white, violet white, dark gray |
| Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2.8H2O | | 2.5 - 3 | Apple green, greenish white, gray, yellow green, White |
| Anorthite | (Na,Ca)AISi3O8 | | | Colorless, gray, white, red, reddish gray |
| Anthophyllite | (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2 | | 5.5 - 6 | White, greenish gray, green, clove brown, brownish green |
| Antimony | Sb | | 3 - 3.5 | Light gray, tin white |
| Apatite Group | A5(XO4)3(F,CI,OH) | | 5 | Colorless to yellow, green, brown and occasionally red or blue |
| Apophyllite | KCa4Si8O20(F,OH).8H2O | | 4.5 - 5 | White, pink, green, yellow, violet |
| Aragonite | CaCO3 | | 3.5 - 4 | Colorless, white, gray, yellowish white, reddish white |
| Arfvedsonite | Na2-3(Fe,Mg,AI)5Si8O22(OH,F)2 | | 6 | Black, grayish green, bluish gray |
| Argentite - Acanthite | Ag2S | | 2 - 2.5 | Lead-gray |
| Arsenic | As | | 3.5 | Lead gray, gray, white |
| Artinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2.3H2O | | 2 | White |
| Astrophyllite | (K,Na)3(Fe,Mn)7Ti2Si8O24(O,OH)7 | | 3.5 - 4.5 | Brown, brownish red, bronze yellow, gold yellow |
| Atacamite | Cu2CI(OH)3 | | 3 - 3.5 | Green, yellow, yellow green, black green |
| Augite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,AI,Ti)(Si,AI)2O6 | | 5 - 6 | Brown green, green, light brown, dark brown, black |
| Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 | | 2 - 2.5 | Pale green, sky blue, greenish blue |
| Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO42.10-12H2O | | 2 - 2.5 | Yellow, pale yellow, lemon yellow, greenish yellow, pale green |
| Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 | | 3.5 - 4 | Azure blue, blue, light blue, dark blue |
| Babingtonite | Ca2(Fe+2Si5O14(OH) | | 5.5 - 6 | Brownish black, greenish black, black |
| Barite | BaSO4 | | 2.5 - 3.5 | White, yellowish white, grayish white, brownish white, dark brown |
| "Bauxite" | α-FeO(Oh) | | 1 - 3 | Shades of brown, red-brown, and yellow-brown |
| Benitoite | BaTiSi3O9 | | 6.2 - 6.5 | Blue, purple, pink, white, colorless |
| Bertrandite | Be4Si2O7(OH)2 | | 6 - 7 | Colorless, pale yellow |
| Beryl | Be3AI2Si6O18 | | 7.5 - 8 | Green, blue, yellow, colorless, pink |
| Betafite | (Ca,Na,U)2(Nb,Ta)2O6(OH) | | 5 | Brown, black, brownish green, yellow, greenish black |
| Biotite | K(Mg,Fe)3(AI,Fe)Si3O10(OH,F)2 | | 2.5 - 3 | Dark brown, greenish brown, blackish brown, yellow, white |
| Bismuth | Bi | | 2 - 2.5 | Silver white, pinkish white, red |
| Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 | | 2 | Gray, silver white, tin white |
| Bixbyite | (Mn,Fe)2O3 | | 6 - 6.5 | Black |
| Boleite | Pb9Ag3Cu8CI21(OH)16.H2O | | 3.5 | Indigo blue, light blue |
| Borax | Na2B4O7.10H2O | | 2 - 2.5 | Blue, colorless, green, gray, gray white |
| Bornite | Cu5FeS4 | | 3 | Copper red, bronze brown, purple |
| Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 | | 2.5 - 3 | Lead gray, blue gray, gray |
| Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 | | 2.5 - 3 | Gray, black, steel gray |
| Brazilianite | NaAI3(PO4)2(OH)4 | | 5.5 | Colorless, greenish yellow, yellow green, light yellow |
| Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 | | 3.5 - 4 | Green, emerald green, black |
| "Bronzite" (Ferroan Enstatite) | (Mg,Fe)2Si2O6 | | 5 | Greenish brown, blackish |
| Brookite | γ-TiO2 | | 5.5 - 6 | Brown, light brown, dark brown, dark reddish brown, orange |
| Brucite | Mg(OH)2 | | 2.5 | Blue, gray, gray blue, yellow, white |
| Calcite | CaCO3 | | 3 | Colorless, white, pink, yellow, brown |
| Cancrinite | (Na,K,Ca)6-8(AI,Si)12O24(SO4,CO3,CI)1-2.nH2O | | 5 - 6 | Blue, colorless, gray green, yellow, white |
| Carnallite | KMgCI3.6H2O | | 2.5 | Blue, colorless, yellow, white, red |
| Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2.3H2O | | | Yellow, golden yellow, greenish yellow |
| Cassiterite | SnO2 | | 6 - 7 | Brown, brownish black, colorless, green, gray |
| Celestite | SrSO4 | | 3 - 3.5 | White, colorless, bluish, reddish |
| Cerussite | PbCO3 | | 3 - 3.5 | Colorless, white, gray, blue, green |
| Chabazite | Ca(AI2Si4)O12.6H2O | | 4 - 5 | White, yellow, pink, red |
| Chalcanthite | CuSO4.5H2O | | 2.5 | Green, green blue, light blue, dark blue |
| Chalcocite | Cu2S | | 2.5 - 3 | Blue black, gray, black, black gray, steel gray |
| Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 | | 3.5 - 7 | Brass yellow, honey yellow |
| Chlorargyrite | AgCI | | 1 - 1.5 | Purplish gray, green, white, colorless |
| Chloritoid | (Fe,Mn)2AI4Si2O10(OH)4 | | 6.5 | Green gray, green black, grayish black, dark green, dark gray |
| Chondrodite | (Mg,Fe)3(SiO4)(OH,F)2 | | 6 - 6.5 | Yellow, orange, brownish white, reddish white, greenish white |
| Chromite | FeCr2O4 | | 5.5 | Black, brownish black |
| Chrysoberyl | BeAI2O4 | | 8.5 | Blue green, brown, brownish green, green, gray |
| Chrysocolla | (Cu,AI)2H2Si2O5(OH)4.nH2O | | 2.4 | Green, bluish green, blue, blackish blue, brown |
| Chrysotile | Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 | | 2.5 - 4 | Green |
| Cinnabar | HgS | | 2 - 2.5 | Lead gray, brown, brown pink, vermilion, gray |
| Clinochlore | (Mg,Fe+2)5AI(Si,AI)4O10(OH)8 | | 2 - 2.5 | Blackish green, bluish green, white, yellowish green, olive green |
| Clinozoisite | Ca2AI3Si3O12(OH) | | 6.5 | Colorless, green, gray, yellow green, light yellow |
| Colemanite | Ca2B6O11.5H2O | | 4 - 4.5 | Colorless, gray, gray white, yellowish white, White |
| Columbite-Tantalite Group | (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 | | 6 | Black |
| Conichalcite | CaCu(AsO4)(OH) | | 4.5 | Yellow green, emerald green |
| Copiapite | Fe+2Fe4+3(SO4)6(OH)2.20H2O | | 2.5 | Green, green yellow, yellow, yellow green, golden yellow |
| Copper | Cu | | 2.5 - 3 | Brown, copper red, light pink, red |
| Cordierite | Mg2AI4Si5O18 | | 7 - 7.5 | Colorless, pale blue, violet, yellow, gray |
| Corundum | AI2O3 | | 9 | Blue, red, yellow, brown, gray |
| Covellite | CuS | | 1.5 - 2 | Indigo blue, light blue, dark blue, black |
| Cristobalite | SiO2 | | 7 | Blue gray, brown, gray, yellow, white |
| Crocoite | PbCrO4 | | 2.5 - 3 | Yellow, Orange, Red, Red orange |
| Cryolite | Na3AIF | | 2.5 | Brownish black, colorless, gray, white, reddish brown |
| Cummingtonite | Mg7Si8O22(OH)2 | | 5 - 6 | White, black, blackish brown, blackish green, gray |
| Cuprite | Cu20 | | 3.5 - 4 | Brown red, purple red, red, black |
| Cyanotrichite | Cu4AI2(SO4) (OH)12.2H2O | | 1 | Sky blue, light blue, dark blue |
| Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 | | 7 - 7.3 | Colorless, white, gray, brownish white, straw yellow |
| Datolite | CaBSiO4(OH) | | 5 - 5.5 | Brown, colorless, yellow, white, light green |
| Descloizite | PbZn(VO4) (OH) | | 3.5 | Dark brownish black, dark reddish brown, orange red, reddish brown, black |
| Diamond | C | | 10 | Colorless, white, gray, black, blue |
| Diaspore | AIO(OH) | | 6.5 - 7 | White, greenish gray, grayish brown, colorless, yellow |
| Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 | | 5 - 6 | Blue, brown, colorless, green, gray |
| Dioptase | CuSiO2(OH)2 | | 5 | Dark blue green, emerald green, turquoise |
| Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 | | 3.5 - 4 | White, gray, reddish white, brownish white, gray |
| Dumortierite | AI7(BO3)(SiO4)3O3 | | 7 | Blue, brown, violet, greenish blue, pink |
| Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 | | 5.5 | White, yellowish green, brown, greenish white, gray |
| Eosphorite | MnAI(PO4)(OH2).H2O | | 5 | Light pink, yellow brown, light brown, light yellow, colorless |
| Epidote | Ca2(AI,Fe)3Si3O12(OH) | | 6 - 7 | Yellowish green, brownish green, black, yellow, gray |
| Epsomite | MgSO4.7H2O | | 2 - 2.5 | Colorless, white, yellowish white, greenish white, pinkish white |
| Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2.8H2O | | 1.5 - 2.5 | Colorless, violet red, light pink, purple red |
| Euclase | BeAISiO4(OH) | | 7.5 | Blue, colorless, white, light blue, light green |
| Ferberite - Heubnerite | FeWO4 - MnWO4 | | 5 - 5.5 | Reddish brown, blackish brown |
| Fergusonite | YNbO4 | | 5.5 - 6.5 | Black, Black, Brown, Gray, Yellow |
| Ferroan Enstatite ("Bronzite") | (Mg,Fe)2Si2O6 | | 5 | Greenish brown, blackish |
| Ferroaxinite - Manganaxinite | Ca2FeAI2BSi4O15(OH) - Ca2MnAi2BSi4O15(OH) | | 6.5 - 7 | Reddish brown, yellow, violet, gray, green |
| Fluorite | CaF2 | | 4 | White, yellow, green, red, blue |
| Franklinite | (Zn,Mn+2,Fe+2)(Fe+3,Mn+3)2O4 | | 5.5 - 6.5 | Black, brownish black |
| Gadolinite | Be2FeY2Si2O10 | | 6.5 - 7 | Green, brown |
| Galena | PbS | | 2.5 - 2.8 | Light lead gray, dark lead gray |
| "Garnierite" | (Ni,Mg)6Si4O10(OH)8 | | 2 - 4 | Bright green |
| Glauberite | Na2Ca(SO4)2 | | 2.5 - 3 | Colorless, gray, gray white, yellow, yellowish white |
| Glauconite | (K,Na)AI,Fe+3,Mg)2(AI,Si)4O10(OH)2 | | 2 - 2.5 | Blue green, green, yellow green |
| Glaucophane | Na2(Mg,Fe)3AI2Si8O22(OH)2 | | 6 - 6.5 | Gray, bluish black, lavender blue, azure blue |
| Goethite | α-FeOOH | | 5 - 5.5 | Brown, reddish brown, yellowish brown, brownish yellow, ocher yellow |
| Gold | Au | | 2.5 - 3 | Yellow, pale yellow, orange, yellow white, reddish white |
| Graphite | C | | 1 - 2 | Iron black, dark gray, black, steel gray |
| Greenockite | CdS | | 3 - 3.5 | Honey yellow, citron yellow, orange yellow |
| Grossular | Ca3AI2(SiO4)3 | | 6.5 - 7.5 | Brown, colorless, green, gray, yellow |
| Gypsum | CaSO4.2H2O | | 2 | White, colorless, yellowish white, greenish white, brown |
| Halite (Rock Salt) | NaCI | | 2.5 | White, clear, light blue, dark blue, pink |
| Harmotome | (Ba,K)(AI,Si)2Si6O16.6H2O | | 4.5 | White, gray, yellow, red, brown |
| Hauerite | MnS2 | | 3.5 - 4.5 | Blackish gray, brownish gray, brownish black |
| Hausmannite | Mn+2Mn+32O4 | | 5 - 5.5 | Brownish black, grayish |
| Hauyne | (Na,Ca)4-8(AI6Si6)O24(SO4,S)1-2 | | 5.5 - 6 | Blue, green, red, yellow, gray |
| Hedenbergite | CaFeSi2O6 | | 5 - 6 | Brownish green, gray green, grayish black, dark green, black |
| Hematite | Fe2O3 | | 5.5 - 6.5 | Reddish gray, black, blackish red |
| Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2.H2O | | 4.5 - 5 | Brown, colorless, greenish gray, yellow brown, white |
| Herderite | CaBe(PO4)F | | 5 - 5.5 | White, yellowish white, greenish white |
| Heulandite | (Na,Ca)4-6Ai6(Ai,Si)4Si26O72.24H2O | | 3.5 - 4 | Colorless, yellow, green, reddish orange |
| Hornblende | (Ca,Na)2-3(Mg,Fe+2,Fe+3,AI)5(AI,Si)8O22(OH)2 | | 5 - 6 | Dark green, black |
| Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O | | 3.5 | Colorless, white |
| Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 | | 2 - 2.5 | White, yellowish white, grayish white, pinkish white, bluish white |
| Ilmenite | FeTiO3 | | 5 - 6 | Iron black, black |
| Ilvaite | CaFe2+2Fe+3(SiO4)2(OH) | | 5.5 - 6 | Iron black, dark grayish black |
| Jadeite | Na(AI,Fe+3)Si2O6 | | 6.5 - 7 | Green, white, pale bluish gray, grayish green, pale purple |
| Johannsenite | CaMnSi2O6 | | 5 - 6 | Brown, brownish black, greenish, gray, gray green |
| Kaolinite | Ai2Si2O5(OH)4 | | 2 - 2.5 | White, brownish white, grayish white, yellowish white, grayish green |
| Kernite | Na2B4O7.4H2O | | 2.5 | Colorless, white |
| Kyanite | Al2SiO5 | | 6 - 7 | Blue, white, gray, green, black |
| Labradorite | (Na,Ca)AISi3O8 | | | Colorless, gray, gray white, white, light green |
| Laumontite | Ca(Ai2Si4)O12.4H2O | | 3.5 - 4 | Brownish, gray, yellowish, pearl white, pink |
| Lazulite | MgAi2(PO4)2(OH)2 | | 5 - 6 | Blue, blue green, light blue, black blue |
| Lazurite | (Na,Ca)8(Ai,Si)12O24(S,SO4) | | 5 - 5.3 | Blue, azure blue, violet blue, greenish blue |
| Lepidocrocite | γ-FeO(OH) | | 5 - 5.5 | Red, yellowish brown, blackish brown |
| Lepidolite | K(Li,Ai)3(Si,AI)4O10(F,OH)2 | | 2.5 - 4 | Colorless, gray white, lilac, yellowish, white |
| Leucite | α-KAISi2O6 | | 5.5 - 6 | Colorless, gray, yellow gray, white |
| "Limonite" | | | 5 - 5.5 | Yellowish brown, blackish |
| Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 | | 2.5 | Sky blue, deep blue |
| Magnesite | MgCO3 | | 3.5 - 4.5 | Colorless, white, grayish white, yellowish white, brownish white |
| Magnetite | Fe+2Fe+32O4 | | 5.5 - 6.5 | Grayish black, iron black |
| Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 | | 3.5 - 4 | Green, dark green, blackish green |
| Manganite | MnO(OH) | | 4 | Black, gray, grayish black |
| Marcasite | FeS2 | | 6 - 6.5 | Bronze, light brass yellow, tin white |
| Margarite | CaAI2(AI2Si2)O10(OH)2 | | 3.5 - 4.5 | White, gray, pinkish gray, yellowish gray |
| Mercury | Hg | | | Tin white, gray white |
| Microcline | KAISi3O8 | | 6 - 6.5 | Bluish green, green, gray, grayish yellow, yellowish |
| Microlite | (Na,Ca)2Ta2O6(O,OH,F) | | 5 - 5.5 | Yellowish brown, reddish brown, greenish brown, green, gray |
| Milarite | K2Ca4Be4AI2Si24O60.H2O | | 5.5 - 6 | Colorless, white, greenish white, yellowish white |
| Millerite | NiS | | 3 - 3.5 | Bronze, greenish gray, gray, brass yellow |
| Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3CI | | 3.5 | White, yellow, orange, brown, red |
| Molybdenite | MoS2 | | 1 - 1.5 | Black, lead gray, gray |
| Monazite | (Cs,La,Nd,Th)PO4 | | 5 - 5.5 | Yellow, yellowish brown, reddish brown |
| Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(AI,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2.nH2O | | 1 | White, gray white, yellow, brownish yellow, greenish yellow |
| Muscovite | KAI2(AISi3)O10(OH)2 | | 2 - 2.25 | White, gray, silver white, brownish white, greenish white |
| Natrolite | Na2(AI2Si3)O10.2H2O | | 5 - 5.5 | White, colorless, red, yellowish white, reddish white |
| Nepheline | (Ns,K)AISiO4 | | 5.5 - 6 | White, gray, brown, brownish gray, reddish white |
| Neptunite | Na2KLi(Fe,Mn)2Ti2Si8O24 | | 5 - 6 | Black, red |
| Nickeline | NiAs | | 5 - 5.5 | Lead gray, grayish, copper, black |
| Nickel-Iron | Ni,Fe | | 4 - 5 | Gray, blackish |
| Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)AISi3O8 | | | Brown, colorless, greenish, gray, yellowish |
| Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) | | 3 | Olive green, yellowish brown, dirty white, blackish green, liver brown |
| "Olivine" | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 | | 6.5 - 7 | Olive green, yellowish, brown |
| Omphacite | (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe+2,Fe+3,AI)Si2O6 | | 5 - 6 | Grass green, dark green |
| "Opal" | SiO2.nH2O | | 5.5 - 6.5 | Colorless, milky white, hazy blue, black |
| Orpiment | As2S3 | | 1.5 - 2 | Lemon yellow, brownish yellow, orange yellow |
| Orthoclase | KAISi3O8 | | 6 | Colorless, greenish, grayish yellow, white, pink |
| Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) | | 5 | White, gray, light pink, light green |
| Pentlandite | (Fe,Ni)9S8 | | 3.5 - 4 | Bronze, brown |
| Perovskite | CaTiO3 | | 5.5 | Black, reddish brown, pale yellow, yellowish orange |
| "Perthite" (Intergrowths) | KAISi3O8 and NaAISi3O8 | | | Pink, blue green, with white stripes |
| Petalite | LiAISi4O10 | | 6 - 6.5 | Colorless, gray, yellow, yellow gray, white |
| Phenakite | Be2SiO4 | | 7.5 - 8 | Colorless, wine yellow, yellow, pink, pinkish red |
| Phillipsite | (K2,Na2Ca)(AI2Si4)O12.4-5H2O | | 4 - 4.5 | Colorless, white, yellow, gray |
| Phlogopite | K(Mg,Fe)3(AISi3)O10(F,OH)2 | | 2.5 - 3 | Brown, gray, green, yellow, reddish brown |
| Phosgenite | Pb2(CO3)CI2 | | 2.75 - 3 | White, gray, brownish yellow, greenish white, pinkish white |
| Phosphophyllite | Zn2(Fe+2,Mn)(PO4)2.4H2O | | 3 - 3.5 | Blue green, colorless, light green |
| Piemontite | Ca2(AI,Mn+3,Fe+3)3(SiO4)3(OH) | | 6.5 | Yellow, carmine red, red, reddish brown, reddish black |
| Platinum | Pt | | 4 - 4.5 | Whitish steel gray, steel gray, dark gray |
| Polybasite | (Ag,Cu)16Sb2S11 | | 2 - 3 | Black, dark ruby red |
| Prehnite | Ca2AI2Si3O10(OH)2 | | 6 - 6.5 | Colorless, gray, yellow, yellow green, white |
| Psilomelane (Romanehite) | BaMn+2Mn+48O16(OH)4 | | 5 - 7 | Iron black, dark steel gray |
| Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3CI | | 3.5 - 4 | Green, yellow, brown, grayish white, yellowish red |
| Pyrope | Mg3Ai2(SiO4)3 | | 6.5 - 7.5 | Blood red, orange red, purple red, pink, black red |
| Pyrophyllite | AI2Si4O10(OH)2 | | 1 - 2 | Brown green, brownish yellow, greenish, gray green, gray white |
| Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS | | 3.5 - 4.5 | Bronze, bronze red, dark brown |
| Quartz | α-SiO2 | | 7 | Colorless, white, pink, brown, gray, black, purple, yellow, green, blue, orange |
| Rhodochrosite | MnCo3 | | 3.5 - 4.5 | Pinkish red, red, rose red, yellowish gray, brown |
| Rhodonite | (Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO3 | | 5.5 - 6.5 | Pink, rose red, brownish red, black, yellow |
| Richterite | (Na,K,Ca)3(Mg,Mn)5Si8O22(OH)2 | | 5 - 6 | Blue, brown, brown red, gray violet, yellow |
| Riebeckite | Na2(Fe+2,Mg,Fe+3)5Si8O22(OH)2 | | 4 | Blue, black, dark green |
| Rock Salt (Halite) | NaCI | | 2.5 | White, clear, light blue, dark blue, pink |
| Romanechite (Psilomelane) | BaMn+2Mn+48O16(OH)4 | | 5 - 7 | Iron black, dark steel gray |
| Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(Co3)(OH)2 | | 4.5 | Blue green, light blue, sky blue |
| Rutile | α-TiO2 | | 6 - 6.5 | Blood red, bluish, brownish yellow, brown red, violet |
| Samarskite | (Y,Cs,U,Ca,Pb)(Nb,Ta,Ti,Sn)2O6 | | 5 - 6 | Velvety black |
| Sanidine | KAISi3O8 | | 6 | Colorless, white, gray, yellowish white, reddish white |
| Scapolite Group | (Na,Ca,K)4AI3(AI,Si)3Si6O24(CI,SO4,CO3) | | 5 - 6.5 | Whitish, blue, gray, pink |
| Scheelite | CaWO4 | | 4.5 - 5 | Colorless, white, pale yellow, brownish yellow, reddish yellow |
| Scolecite | Ca(AI2Si3)O10.3H2O | | 5 - 5.5 | Brownish, colorless, white |
| Scorodite | Fe+3AsO4.2H2O | | 3.5 - 4 | Yellowish green, pale leek green, liver brown, blue green, black green |
| Sepiolite | Mg4Si6O15(OH)2.6H2O | | 2 - 2.5 | Grayish white, yellowish white, bluish green white, reddish white, gray |
| Serpentine Group | (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4 | | 2.5 - 4 | Olive green, blackish, yellowish green, brown, yellow, white |
| Siderite | FeCO3 | | 3.5 - 4 | Yellowish brown, brown, Gray, yellowish gray, greenish gray |
| Sillimanite | Ai2SiO5 | | 6 - 7 | Bluish, brownish greenish, colorless, gray, gray green |
| Silver | Ag | | 2.5 - 3 | Silver white, gray white, gray |
| Skutterudite | CoAs2-3 | | 6 | White, light steel gray |
| Smithsonite | ZnCO3 | | 5.5 | Grayish white, dark gray, green, blue, yellow |
| Sodalite | Na4AI3(SiO4)3CI | | 5.5 - 6 | Azure blue, white, pink, gray, green |
| Sphalerite | (Zn,Fe)S | | 3.5 - 4 | Brown, yellow, red, green, black |
| Spinel | MgAI2O4 | | 8 | Colorless, red, blue, green, brown |
| Spodumene | LiAISi2O6 | | 6.5 - 7 | Grayish white, pink, violet, emerald green, yellow |
| Staurolite | (Fe,Mg,Zn)2Ai9Si4O23(OH) | | 7 - 7.5 | Brownish yellow, brownish black, yellow brown, dark brown, reddish brown |
| Stephanite | Ag5SbS4 | | 2 - 2.5 | Lead gray, black |
| Stibiconite | SbSb2O6(OH) | | 4 - 5.5 | Brown, gray, lemon white, light yellow, orange brown |
| Stibnite | Sb2S3 | | 2 | Lead gray, bluish lead gray, steel gray, black |
| Stilbite | Na,Ca2(AI5Si13)O36.14H2O | | 3.5 - 4 | White, gray, reddish brown |
| Strontianite | SrCO3 | | 3.5 - 4 | Colorless, greenish, gray, gray white, yellowish |
| Sulfur | S | | 1.5 - 2.5 | Yellow, yellowish brown, yellowish gray, reddish, greenish |
| Sylvanite | AgAuTe4 | | 1.5 - 5 | Yellowish silver white, white |
| Sylvite | KCI | | 2 | White, yellowish white, reddish white, bluish white, brownish white |
| Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 | | 1 | Pale green, white, gray white, yellowish white, brownish white |
| Tarbuttite | Zn2(PO4)(OH) | | 3.7 | Brown, colorless, green, white, light yellow |
| Tetrahedrite-Tennantite Group | (Cu,Fe)12Sb4S13 - (Cu,Fe)12As4S13 | | | Steel gray, brown, purplish red, dark blue, blackish |
| Thomsonite | NaCa2(AI5Si5)O20.6H2O | | 5 - 5.5 | White, brown |
| Thorianite | (Th,U)O2 | | 6.5 | Brownish black, green, green black, gray green, yellow |
| Titanite | CaTiSiO5 | | 5 - 5.5 | Reddish brown, gray, yellow, green, red |
| Topaz | AI2SiO4(F,OH)2 | | 8 | Colorless, pale blue, yellow, yellowish brown, red |
| Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2.8-12H2O | | 2 - 2.5 | Green, grass green, leek green, apple green, siskin green |
| Tourmaline Group | (Na,Ca) (Mg,Fe+2,Fe+3,AI,Mn,Li)3AI6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH,F)4 | | 7 | Black, blue, pink, red, brown, green, multicolored, white |
| Tremolite | Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 | | 5 - 6 | Brown, colorless, gray, white, light green |
| Tridymite | β-SiO2 | | 7 | Colorless, white, yellowish white, gray |
| Trona | Na3(CO3)(HCO3).2H2O | | 2.5 - 3 | Colorless, gray white, grayish, yellowish, yellowish white |
| Turquoise | CuAI6(PO4)4(OH)8.5H2O | | 5 - 6 | Blue, blue green, green, green gray, light blue |
| Ulexite | NaCaB5O9.8H2O | | 1 | Colorless, white |
| Uraninite | UO2 | | 5.5 | Brownish black, gray, grayish black, black |
| Uvarovite | Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 | | 6.5 - 7.5 | Green |
| Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3CI | | 2.75 - 3 | Brown, brownish yellow, brown red, colorless, yellow |
| Variscite | AIPO4.2H2O | | 4 | Blue green, colorless, green, light green |
| "Vermiculite" | (Mg,Fe,AI)3(AI,Si)4O10(OH)2.4H2O | | 2 - 3 | Colorless, green, gray white, yellow brown |
| Vesuvianite | Ca10Mg2AI4(SiO4)5(Si2O7)2(OH)4 | | 6.5 | Blue, brown, green, yellow, white |
| Vivianite | Fe3+2(PO4)2.8H>2O | | 1.5 - 2 | Colorless, green, blue, dark green, dark bluish green |
| Volborthite | Cu3(VO4)2).3H2O | | 3 | Brownish yellow, greenish yellow, yellow, yellow green, light brown |
| Wavellite | Ai3(PO4)2(OH)3.H2O | | 3.3 - 4 | Blue, brown, brownish black, colorless, green |
| Whewellite | CaC2O4.H2O | | 2.5 | Brownish, colorless, gray, yellow, yellow brown |
| Willemite | Zn2SiO4 | | 5.5 | White, yellow, green, reddish brown, black |
| Witherite | BaCO3 | | 3 - 3.75 | Colorless, milky white, grayish white, pale yellowish white, pale brownish white |
| Wollastonite | CaSiO3 | | 4.5 - 5 | Colorless, white, grayish, yellowish, reddish, brownish |
| Wulfenite | PbMoO4 | | 2.75 - 3 | Orange yellow, waxy yellow, yellowish gray, olive green, brown |
| Zincite | (Zn,Mn)O | | 4 - 4.5 | Yellow, dark yellow, dark red, orange |
| Zircon | ZrSiO4 | | 7.5 | Brown, reddish brown, colorless, gray, green |
| Zoisite | Ca2AI3(Si3O12)(OH) | | 6 - 6.5 | Gray, apple green, brown, blue, rose red |
